Introduction: Now a day, there is a crucial need for a quick and effective disinfectant to prevent nosocomial infections in hospitals. Meanwhile evaluation and validation of disinfectants are important. hospital surfaces, instruments, and rooms. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect, quality and disinfectant activity of the Quick Spray (Virobac Spray). Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity of Quick Spray (Virobac Spray) was evaluated on four different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strain including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29737), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 28753), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 1237. The antimicrobial solution was examined in ½ , ¼ , and 1/8 dilutions, and the antibacterial effect was determined after the exposure time such as 45, 60, 90, and 120 seconds. Results: Quick Spray (Virobac Spray) show a powerful antibacterial activity even in ½ dilution, also we demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of this solution will be enhanced with increased time of exposure. Conclusion: the result of this study demonstrated that Quick Spray (Virobac Spray) is a broad-spectrum and effective disinfectant and are able to inhibit the growth of a wide range of bacteria including grampositive and gram-negative bacteria.

Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity and blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems with steel moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular and uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X and inverted V braces) were considered, and their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria and limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, and more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio and ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

The formulation of hydrophobic drugs for oral drug delivery is challenging due to poor solubility, poor dissolution and poor wetting of these drugs. Consequently, the aim of this study was to improve the dissolution of a model poorly water soluble drug, ibuprofen. Microparticles containing ibuprofen were produced by Spray drying and Spray chilling technology in the absence/presence of a hydrophilic surfactant. Poloxamer 127, tri-block copolymer, was chosen as the hydrophilic surfactant to improve drug particle wettability and hence the dissolution rate. The prepared formulations were evaluated forin vitro dissolution and intrinsic solubility.In addition, the produced drug particles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM revealed changes in the surface morphology of processed ibuprofen, suggesting the effective formation of the drug particles. DSC data showed shifting of the melting peak of the drug towards lower melting temperature in the prepared particles, indicating the possibility of drug /polymer interaction. The results of the dissolution studies of Spray dried ibuprofen and Spray dried ibuprofen/Poloxamer 127 particles significantly (p<0.05) increased the percentage of drug release compared to the control (ibuprofen raw material). For Spray chilling, the prepared particles did not improve the dissolution of the drug.The dissolution was even less than that of the control. DSC and FT-IR results demonstrated that Spray drying reduced drug crystallinity, but for Spray chilled particles there was evidence of polymorphic changes in the drug with and without the surfactant. Consequently, it is believed that Spray drying of ibuprofen is a useful tool to improve wettability, solubility and hence the dissolution behavior of poorly water soluble drugs, in contrast to Spray chilling technique.

Experimental and numerical investigation of multihole gasoline direct injection (GDI) Sprays at high injection pressure and temperature are performed. The primary objective of this study is to analyse the role of gas entrainment and Spray plume interactions on the global Spray parameters like Spray tip penetration, Spray angles and atomization. Three-hole 90° Spray cone angle and six-hole 60° Spray cone angle injectors are used for current work to examine the effect of the geometry of the injector on the Spray interactions. The numerical results from Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations show a reasonable comparison to experiments. The simulations provide further insight to the gas entrainment process highlights the fact that a stagnation plane is formed inside the Spray cone which basically governs the semi collapse of Spray that in turn affects the Spray direction and cone angle.

Expansive and collapsible soils are some of the most widely distributed and costly of geologic hazards. These soils are subjected to change in volume and settlement in response to wetting and drying, often resulted in severe damage to structures. Collapsing soils are generally characterized by sudden and large volume decrease at constant stress when inundated with water. A geotechnical engineer needs to be able to identify readily the soils that could collapse and to determine the amount of collapse that may occur. Various methods of predicting collapse from simple and rapidly-performed index have been suggested by several workers in the field. In this investigation, most of the well known collapses identifying criteria are reviewed and evaluated. New method and interpretations let rapid and safe prediction of collapse are further discussed in this paper.

Estimation of collapse performance is primarily conducted through collapse Fragility Curves (CFC’s). The EDP-based approach is the main scheme for attaining such curves and employs IDA. Obtaining CFC’s from IDA results is tremendously time consuming and computationally demanding. Introduction of more efficient methods of seismic analysis, can potentially improve this issue. The Endurance Time (ET) method is a straightforward method for dynamic analysis of structures subjected to multilevel excitation intensities. In this paper, collapse analysis using ET analysis results to obtain EDP-based CFC’s, has been explained and demonstrated by a model. For verification, the resulting CFC has been compared to that obtained by IDA.

In line with the current research on the ultimate strength assessment of ship hull girders, careful understanding of the collapse behaviour of unstiffened plate elements within the ship hull girders is an important and necessary task. In this paper, the collapse behaviour of unstiffened plates under longitudinal and transverse thrust is studied by clastoplastic large deflection FEM and the characteristics of the collapse modes are highlighted.